New theory for optimizing dam behaviour and the development of cemented material dams in China

A new theory on dam behaviour optimization has been introduced based on the practice of optimising the design of new high dams, or for the rehabilitation of existing high dams worldwide. New principles and methods used in Three Gorges dam, Xiaowan arch dam, Shuibuya CFRD and Fengman gravity dam in China have been introduced. These new approaches address the traditional design challenges of balancing safety redundancy with localized deficiencies, thereby enhancing the economic efficiency and overall safety of dams throughout their life cycle. This paper also reviews the development of Cemented Sand, Gravel and Rock (CSGR) dams as a type of Cemented Material Dam. The authors highlight how progress has led to the establishment of a safety paradigm where new or rehabilitated high concrete or rockfill dams can be designed to withstand cracking without failure or large leakage based on the dam behaviour optimization theory, and medium and low dams built or rehabilitated with cemented materials can withstand overtopping without collapse.